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The Austro-Hungarian Foreign Service ((ドイツ語: k. u. k. Auswärtige Dienst)) was the diplomatic service carrying out the foreign policy of the Emperor of the Austro-Hungarian Empire from the formation of the Dual Monarchy in 1867 until it was dissolved in 1918. == Diplomatic missions == It should first be noted that diplomatic relations overall were more limited at this time as there were much fewer sovereign states. In 1914, only 57 states could be considered as sovereign (compared to some 190 today). When the centrally organised Foreign Ministry of the Habsburg Empire was created in 1720, there were 19 diplomatic missions, of which the oldest one was in Constantinople established in 1547. Over time, new diplomatic missions were established and some were closed down, mostly due to the end of the receiving state.〔Erwin Matsch, ''Der Auswärtige Dienst von Österreich-Ungarn 1720-1920'', Vienna, Böhlau, 1986, p. 105.〕 The last diplomatic mission was established in 1917 in Christiania (now Oslo). Furthermore, it needs to be highlighted that before World War II there was a division between embassies and legations based on the system of diplomatic ranks established by the Congress of Vienna of 1815. Until the mid-20th century, most diplomatic representations were still legations as embassies were reserved for a few of the major world powers or close allies. The division between legations and embassies changed after World War II when it was no longer considered appropriate to treat states differently in line with the United Nations principle of equality of sovereign states, enshrined in the UN Charter. In 1914, Austria-Hungary had thirty-four diplomatic missions of which ten were embassies, twenty-two were legations and two were diplomatic agencies. Of the ten embassies, only two, the ones in the United States and Japan were outside Europe and these had also been the last missions that had been raised to an embassy.〔William D. Godsey, ''Aristocratic Redoubt: The Austro-Hungarian Foreign Office on the Eve of the First World War'', West Lafayette, Purdue University Press, 1999, p. 13f.〕 For a list of diplomatic missions, see List of diplomatic missions of Austria-Hungary. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Austro-Hungarian Foreign Service」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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